Publications

1. Shuyang Zhang, Xianzhi Meng, Samarthya Bhagia, Anqi Ji, Micholas Dean Smith, Yun-yan Wang, Bo Liu, Chang Geun Yoo, David P Harper, and Arthur J Ragauskas. 3d printed lignin/polymer composite with enhanced mechanical and anti-thermal-aging performance. Chemical Engineering Journal, page 148449, 2024. DOI:10.1016/j.cej.2023.148449
2. Michael T. Broud, Mohsen Samandari, Lu Yu, David P. Harper, and David. J Keffer. Selective carbon dioxide binding on carbon quantum dots. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 127(28):13639–13650, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c02885
3. Kailong Zhang, Isaac Sutton, Micholas Dean Smith, David P Harper, Siqun Wang, Tao Wu, and Mi Li. Ambient-densified and polymer-free transparent wood film for smart food packaging window. Iscience, 26(12), 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108455
4. Ganmao Su, Jinhui Xiong, Qiushi Li, Siyao Luo, Yupeng Zhang, Tuhua Zhong, David P. Harper, Zhenguan Tang, Linkun Xie, Xijuan Chai, et al. Gaseous formaldehyde adsorption by eco-friendly, porous bamboo carbon microfibers obtained by steam explosion, carbonization, and plasma activation. Chemical Engineering Journal, 455:140686, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.140686
5. Ganmao Su, Jinhui Xiong, Qiushi Li, Siyao Luo, Yupeng Zhang, Tuhua Zhong, David P. Harper, Zhenguan Tang, Linkun Xie, Xijuan Chai, Lianpeng Zhang, Chunhua Wu, Guanben Du, Siqun Wang, and Kaimeng Xu. Gaseous formaldehyde adsorption by eco-friendly, porous bamboo carbon microfibers obtained by steam explosion, carbonization, and plasma activation. Chemical Engineering Journal, page 140686, nov 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.140686
6. Kailong Zhang, Tian Ren, David Harper, and Mi Li. Development of antimicrobial films with cinnamaldehyde stabilized by ethyl lauroyl arginate and cellulose nanocrystals. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 33:100886, sep 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2022.100886
7. Lu Yu, David J. Keffer, Chien-Te Hsieh, Jakob R. Scroggins, Hao Chen, Sheng Dai, and David P. Harper. Lignin-derived magnetic activated carbons for effective methylene blue removal. Industrial &amp Engineering Chemistry Research, 61(32):11840–11850, aug 2022. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02311
8. Magda Titirici, Sterling G Baird, Taylor D Sparks, Shirley Min Yang, Agnieszka Brandt- Talbot, Omid Hosseinaei, David P Harper, Richard M Parker, Silvia Vignolini, Lars A Berglund, Yuanyuan Li, Huai-Ling Gao, Li-Bo Mao, Shu-Hong Yu, Noel Díez, Guillermo A Ferrero, Marta Sevilla, Petra Ágota Szilágyi, Connor J Stubbs, Joshua C Worch, Yun-ping Huang, Christine K Luscombe, Koon-Yang Lee, Hui Luo, M J Platts, Devendra Tiwari, Dmitry Kovalevskiy, David J Fermin, Heather Au, Hande Alptekin, Maria Crespo- Ribadeneyra, Valeska P Ting, Tim-Patrick Fellinger, Jesús Barrio, Olivia Westhead, Claudie Roy, Ifan E L Stephens, Sabina Alexandra Nicolae, Saurav Ch Sarma, Rose P Oates, Chen-Gang Wang, Zibiao Li, Xian Jun Loh, Rupert J Myers, Niko Heeren, Alice Grégoire, Clé-ment Périssé, Xiaoying Zhao, Yael Vodovotz, Becky Earley, Göran Finnveden, Anna Björk- lund, Gavin D J Harper, Allan Walton, and Paul A Anderson. The sustainable materials roadmap. Journal of Physics: Materials, 5(3):032001, aug 2022. https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7639/ac4ee5
9. Valerie García-Negrón, Stephen C. Chmely, Jan Ilavsky, David J. Keffer, and David P. Harper. Development of nanocrystalline graphite from lignin sources. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, jan 2022. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c05969
10. Dayton G. Kizzire, Valerie García-Negrón, David P. Harper, and David J. Keffer. Local structure analysis and modelling of lignin-based carbon composites through the hierarchical decomposition of the radial distribution function. ChemistryOpen, 11(2), feb 2022. https://doi.org/10.1002/open.202100220

11. Kaimeng Xu, Qiushi Li, Linkun Xie, Zhengjun Shi, Ganmao Su, David Harper, Zhengguan Tang, Juying Zhou, Guanben Du, and Siqun Wang. Novel flexible, strong, thermal-stable, and high-barrier switchgrass-based lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils/chitosan biocom-posites for food packaging. Industrial Crops and Products, 179:114661, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.114661
12. Lu Yu, Kendhl Seabright, Ishan Bajaj, David J Keffer, David M Alonso, Chien-Te Hsieh, Mi Li, Hao Chen, Sheng Dai, Yasser Ashraf Gandomi, et al. Performance and economic analysis of organosolv softwood and herbaceous lignins to activated carbons as electrode materials in supercapacitors. Frontiers in Energy Research, 10, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.849949
13. Jordan T. Sutton, Kalavathy Rajan, David P. Harper, and Stephen C. Chmely. Improving UV curing in organosolv lignin-containing photopolymers for stereolithography by reduction and acylation. Polymers, 13(20):3473, oct 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13203473
14. Samarthya Bhagia, Nidia C. Gallego, Nitilaksha Hiremath, David P. Harper, Richard A. Lowden, Richard R. Lowden, Yunqiao Pu, Uday Vaidya, Soydan Ozcan, and Arthur J. Ragauskas. Fine grinding of thermoplastics by high speed friction grinding assisted by guar gum. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 138(32):50797, apr 2021. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.50797
15. Dayton G. Kizzire, Alexander M. Richter, David P. Harper, and David J. Keffer. Lithium and sodium ion binding mechanisms and diffusion rates in lignin-based hard carbon models. ACS Omega, jul 2021. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c02787

  1. Lu Yu, Chien-Te Hsieh, David J. Keffer, Hao Chen, Gabriel A. Goenaga, Sheng Dai, Thomas A. Zawodzinski, and David P. Harper. Hierarchical lignin-based carbon matrix and carbon dot composite electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors. ACS Omega, 6(11):7851–7861, mar 2021. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c00448
  2. Zhihui Wang, Kunyong Kang, Jiaxi Wu, Qian Hu, David Paul Harper, Guanben Du, Siqun Wang, and Kaimeng Xu. Comparative effects of electrospinning ways for fabricating green, sustainable, flexible, porous, nanofibrous cellulose/chitosan carbon mats as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 11:50–61, mar 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.01.009
  3. Dayton G. Kizzire, Alexander M. Richter, David P. Harper, and David J. Keffer. Lithium and sodium ion binding in nanostructured carbon composites. Molecular Simulation, pages 1–10, aug 2020. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c02787
  4. Remigiusz M. Grzeskowiak, Laura R. Freeman, David P. Harper, David E. Anderson, and Pierre-Yves Mulon. Effect of cyclic loading on the stability of screws placed in the locking plates used to bridge segmental bone defects. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 39(3):516– 524, sep 2020. DOI: 10.1002/jor.24838
  5. Longfei Zhang, Shaoyi Lyu, Qijun Zhang, Stephen C. Chmely, Yuntao Wu, Chuck Melcher, Kalavathy Rajan, David P. Harper, Siqun Wang, and Zhilin Chen. Recycling hot-water extractions of lignocellulosic biomass in bio-refinery for synthesis of carbon nanoparticles with amplified luminescence and its application in temperature sensing. Industrial Crops and Products, 145:112066, mar 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.112066
  6. P.-Y. Mulon, M. Zarzosa, D.P. Harper, and D.E. Anderson. Assessment of two augmentation techniques on the mechanical properties of titanium cannulated bone screws. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 81(2):116–121, 2020. DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.81.2.116
  7. V. García-Negrón, D.G. Kizzire, O. Rios, D.J. Keffer, and D.P. Harper. Elucidating nano and meso-structures of lignin carbon composites: A comprehensive study of feedstock and temperature dependence. Carbon, 161:856–869, 2020. DOI:  10.1016/j.carbon.2020.02.010
  8. Qijun Zhang, Qian Li, Timothy M. Young, David P. Harper, and Siqun Wang. A novel method for fabricating an electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol)/cellulose nanocrystals composite nanofibrous filter with low air resistance for high-efficiency filtration of particulate matter. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 7(9):8706–8714, apr 2019. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b00605
  9. K.M. Akato, N.A. Nguyen, K. Rajan, D.P. Harper, and A.K. Naskar. A tough and sustainable fiber-forming material from lignin and waste poly(ethylene terephthalate). RSC Advances, 9(54):31202–31211, 2019. DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1039/C9RA07052D
  10. A. Johs, V.A. Eller, T.L. Mehlhorn, S.C. Brooks, D.P. Harper, M.A. Mayes, E.M. Pierce, and M.J. Peterson. Dissolved organic matter reduces the effectiveness of sorbents for mercury removal. Science of the Total Environment, 690:410–416, 2019. DOI:  10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.001
  11. Jordan T. Sutton, Kalavathy Rajan, David P. Harper, and Stephen C. Chmely. Lignin- containing photoactive resins for 3d printing by stereolithography. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 10(42):36456–36463, sep 2018. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13031
  12. Kokouvi M. Akato, Ngoc A. Nguyen, Peter V. Bonnesen, David P. Harper, and Amit K. Naskar. Recycling waste polyester via modification with a renewable fatty acid for enhanced processability. ACS Omega, 3(9):10709–10715, sep 2018. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b00598
  13. Yu Gao, Michael J. Walker, Jacob A. Barrett, Omid Hosseinaei, David P. Harper, Peter C. Ford, Brent J. Williams, and Marcus B. Foston. Analysis of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry data for catalytic lignin depolymerization using positive matrix factorization. Green Chemistry, 20(18):4366–4377, 2018. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/C8GC01474D
  14. Kalavathy Rajan, Jeffrey K. Mann, Eldon English, David P. Harper, Danielle Julie Carrier, Timothy G. Rials, Nicole Labbé, and Stephen C. Chmely. Sustainable hydrogels based on lignin-methacrylate copolymers with enhanced water retention and tunable material properties. Biomacromolecules, 19(7):2665–2672, apr 2018. DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00282
  15. Xuemei Li, Shouqing Liu, Yuanbo Huang, Yunwu Zheng, David P. Harper, and Zhifeng Zheng. Preparation and foaming mechanism of pyrocarbon foams controlled by activated carbon as the transplantation core. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 6(3):3515–3524, feb 2018. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b03826
  16. V. García-Negrón, A.D. Oyedele, E. Ponce, O. Rios, D.P. Harper, and D.J. Keffer. Evaluation of nano- and mesoscale structural features in composite materials through hierarchical decomposition of the radial distribution function:. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 51(1):76–86, 2018. DOI:  10.1107/S1600576717016843
  17. Jing Wang, Ramiz Boy, Ngoc A. Nguyen, Jong K. Keum, David A. Cullen, Jihua Chen, Mikhael Soliman, Kenneth C. Littrell, David Harper, Laurene Tetard, Timothy G. Rials, Amit K. Naskar, and Nicole Labbé. Controlled assembly of lignocellulosic biomass components and properties of reformed materials. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 5(9):8044–8052, aug 2017. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b01639
  18. Valerie García-Negrón, Nathan D. Phillip, Jianlin Li, Claus Daniel, David Wood, David J. Keffer, Orlando Rios, and David P. Harper. Processing–structure–property relationships for lignin-based carbonaceous materials used in energy-storage applications. Energy Technology, 5(8):1311–1321, mar 2017. https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.201600646
  19. Omid Hosseinaei, David Harper, Joseph Bozell, and Timothy Rials. Improving processing and performance of pure lignin carbon fibers through hardwood and herbaceous lignin blends. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 18(7):1410, jul 2017. DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071410
  20. Adam Taylor, Richard Bennett, David Paul Harper, and Jeff Lloyd. Estimating the impacts of preservative ports on bridge tie strength. Forest Products Journal, 67(1-2):24–28, apr2017. DOI:  10.13073/FPJ-D-16-00009
  21. Rui Zhu, Vikram Yadama, Hang Liu, Richard J.T. Lin, and David P. Harper. Fabrication and characterization of nylon 6/cellulose nanofibrils melt-spun nanocomposite filaments. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 97:111–119, jun 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2017.02.025
  22. David Martin Alonso, Sikander H. Hakim, Shengfei Zhou, Wangyun Won, Omid Hosseinaei, Jingming Tao, Valerie Garcia-Negron, Ali Hussain Motagamwala, Max A. Mellmer, Kefeng Huang, Carl J. Houtman, Nicole Labbé, David P. Harper, Christos Maravelias, Troy Runge, and James A. Dumesic. Increasing the revenue from lignocellulosic biomass: Maximizing feedstock utilization. Science Advances, 3(5), 2017. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1603301
  23. Zhongren Yue, Ahmad Vakili, Omid Hosseinaei, and David Paul Harper. Lignin-based carbon fibers: Accelerated stabilization of lignin fibers in the presence of hydrogen chloride. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, pages 45507–n/a, 2017. 45507. DOI:  10.1002/app.45507
  24. Nathan Meek, Dayakar Penumadu, Omid Hosseinaei, David Harper, Stephen Young, and Timothy Rials. Synthesis and characterization of lignin carbon fiber and composites. Composites Science and Technology, 137:60–68, dec 2016. DOI:  10.1016/j.compscitech.2016.10.016
  25. J. Tao, O. Hosseinaei, L. Delbeck, P. Kim, D.P. Harper, J.J. Bozell, T.G. Rials, and N. Labbé. Effects of organosolv fractionation time on thermal and chemical properties of lignins. RSC Advances, 6(82):79228–79235, 2016. DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA16296G
  26. O. Hosseinaei, D.P. Harper, J.J. Bozell, and T.G. Rials. Role of physicochemical structure of organosolv hardwood and herbaceous lignins on carbon fiber performance. ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, 4(10):5785–5798, 2016. DOI:  10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b01828
  27. R.D. Bergman, D.L. Reed, A.M. Taylor, D.P. Harper, and D.G. Hodges. Cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment of switchgrass fuel pellets manufactured in the southeastern united states1. Wood and Fiber Science, 47(2):147–159, 2015. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275568691_Cradle-to-Gate_Life_Cycle_Assessment_of_Switchgrass_Fuel_Pellets_Manufactured_in_the_Southeastern_United_States
  28. N. Meek, D. Penumadu, D. Harper, O. Hosseinaei, and T. Rials. Evaluation of mechanical and interfacial properties of individual lignin carbon fiber and composites. Proceedings of the American Society for Composites – 30th Technical Conference, ACS 2015, 2015. DOI:  10.1016/j.compscitech.2016.10.016
  29. T. Starr, D.P. Harper, and T.G. Rials. The effects of electron beam irradiation dose on the mechanical performance of red maple (acer rubrum). BioResources, 10(1):956–969, 2015. DOI:10.15376/biores.10.1.956-969
  30. N.S. ?etin, N. Özmen ?etin, and D.P. Harper. Vinyl acetate-modified microcrystalline cellulose-reinforced hdpe composites prepared by twin-screw extrusion. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 39(1):39–47, 2015. DOI:10.3906/tar-1402-115
  31. Q. Wu, Y. Meng, S. Wang, Y. Li, S. Fu, L. Ma, and D. Harper. Rheological behavior of cellulose nanocrystal suspension: Influence of concentration and aspect ratio. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 131(15), 2014. DOI:10.1002/app.40525
  32. R.J. Sammons, D.P. Harper, N. Labbé, J.J. Bozell, T. Elder, and T.G. Rials. Characterization of organosolv lignins using thermal and ft-ir spectroscopic analysis. BioResources, 8(2):2752–2767, 2013. DOI:10.15376/BIORES.8.2.2752-2767
  33. A. Taylor, D. Harper, C. Espey, G.I.B. Muniz, J.L.M. De Matos, and L.R. Schimleck. Examination of wood properties of plantation-grown pernambuco (caesalpinia echinata). IAWA Journal, 34(1):34–48, 2013. DOI:10.1163/22941932-00000004
  34. J.-W. Kim, S. Park, D.P. Harper, and T.G. Rials. Structure and thermomechanical properties of stretched cellulose films. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 128(1):181–187, 2013. DOI:10.1002/APP.38149
  35. D. Reed, R. Bergman, J.-W. Kim, A. Taylor, D. Harper, D. Jones, C. Knowles, and M.E. Puettmann. Cradle-to-gate life-cycle inventory and impact assessment of wood fuel pellet manufacturing from hardwood flooring residues in the southeastern united states. Forest Products Journal, 62(4):280–288, 2012. DOI:10.13073/FPJ-D-12-00015.1
  36. N. Henry, D. Harper, and M. Dadmun. Optimizing noncovalent interactions between lignin and synthetic polymers to develop effective compatibilizers. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 213(12):1196–1205, 2012. DOI:10.1002/macp.201100633
  37. J.-W. Kim, D.P. Harper, and A.M. Taylor. Technical note: Effect of epoxy embedment on micromechanical properties of brown-rot-decayed wood cell walls assessed with nanoindentation. Wood and Fiber Science, 44(1):103–107, 2012. https://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/1575
  38. M. Jebrane, D. Harper, N. Labbé, and G. Sbe. Comparative determination of the grafting distribution and viscoelastic properties of wood blocks acetylated by vinyl acetate or acetic anhydride. Carbohydrate Polymers, 84(4):1314–1320, 2011. DOI:10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.01.026
  39. K.A. Crookston, T. Mark Young, D. Harper, and F.M. Guess. Statistical reliability analyses of two wood plastic composite extrusion processes. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 96(1):172–177, 2011. DOI:10.1016/j.ress.2010.08.005
  40. N.S. ?etin, P. Tingaut, N. Özmen, N. Henry, D. Harper, M. Dadmun, and G. Sèbe. Acetylation of cellulose nanowhiskers with vinyl acetate under moderate conditions. Macromolecular Bioscience, 9(10):997–1003, 2009. DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200900073
  41. W.L. Griffith, D.P. Harper, G.F. Dorsey, T.M. Stortz, and T.G. Rials. Dual-cure low-temperature and electron beam-curable resins for wood composites. Annual Technical Conference – ANTEC, Conference Proceedings, 5:3070–3074, 2009. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/David-Harper-10/publication/288741217_Dual-cure_low-temperature_and_electron_beam-curable_resins_for_wood_composites/links/57f6441808ae886b89819cf7/Dual-cure-low-temperature-and-electron-beam-curable-resins-for-wood-composites.pdf
  42. J.-W. Kim, D.P. Harper, and A.M. Taylor. Effect of extractives on water sorption and durability of wood-plastic composites. Wood and Fiber Science, 41(3):279–290, 2009. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279599434_Effect_of_wood_species_on_water_sorption_and_durability_of_wood-plastic_composites
  43. J.-W. Kim, D.P. Harper, and A.M. Taylor. Effect of wood species on the mechanical and thermal properties of wood-plastic composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 112(3):1378–1385, 2009. DOI:10.1002/app.29522
  44. Q. Cheng, S. Wang, and D.P. Harper. Effects of process and source on elastic modulus of single cellulose fibrils evaluated by atomic force microscopy. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 40(5):583–588, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.02.011
  45. D.P. Harper, M.-P.G. Laborie, and M.P. Wolcott. The impact of polypropylene-graft-maleicanhydride on the crystallization and dynamic mechanical properties of isotactic polypropylene. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 111(2):753–758, 2009. DOI:10.1002/app.29100
  46. I. ?elen, D. Harper, and N. Labbé. A multivariate approach to the acetylated poplar wood samples by near infrared spectroscopy. Holzforschung, 62(2):189–196, 2008. DOI:10.1515/HF.2008.048
  47. J. Konnerth, D. Harper, S.-H. Lee, T.G. Rials, and W. Gindl. Adhesive penetration of wood cell walls investigated by scanning thermal microscopy (sthm). Holzforschung, 62(1):91–98, 2008. DOI:10.1515/HF.2008.014
  48. P. Tingaut, N. Henry, T. Rials, D. Harper, and M. Dadmun. Compatibilization of natural fibers with synthetic polymers using triblock copolymers as coupling agents. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 209(8):832–845, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00063a043
  49. J.-W. Kim, D.P. Harper, and A.M. Taylor. Effect of wood species on water sorption and durability of wood-plastic composites. Wood and Fiber Science, 40(4):519–531, 2008. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279599434_Effect_of_wood_species_on_water_sorption_and_durability_of_wood-plastic_composites
  50. C. Sattler, N. Labbé, D. Harper, T. Elder, and T. Rials. Effects of hot water extraction on physical and chemical characteristics of oriented strand board (osb) wood flakes. Clean -Soil, Air, Water, 36(8):674–681, 2008. DOI:10.1002/clen.200800051
  51. M. Gaugler, W. Grigsby, D. Harper, and T. Rials. Chemical imaging of the spatial distribution and interactions of tannin dispersal in bioplastic systems. Advanced Materials Research, 29-30:173–176, 2007. DOI:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.29-30.173
  52. I. Celen, D.P. Harper, and N. Labbé. Chemical modification of wood by acetic anhydride. ACS National Meeting Book of Abstracts, 2007. DOI:10.1002/0470021748.ch3
  53. D.P. Harper, N. Labbé, T.G. Rials, G. Dorsey, S. Bowman, W.L. Griffith, and T. Elder. High-energy electron beam effects on lignocellulosic materials. International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition (Proceedings), 52, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1021/am100778q
  54. W.L. Griffith, G.F. Dorsey, T.G. Rials, D.P. Harper, N. Labbe, and T. Elder. High-energy electron beam processing of wood composites. Annual Technical Conference – ANTEC, Conference Proceedings, 3:1691–1694, 2007.
  55. D.P. Harper and M.P. Wolcott. Chemical imaging of wood-polypropylene composites. Applied Spectroscopy, 60(8):898–905, 2006. DOI: 10.1366/000370206778062048
  56. N. Labbé, D. Harper, T. Rials, and T. Elder. Chemical structure of wood charcoal by infrared spectroscopy and multivariate analysis. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54(10):3492–3497, 2006. DOI: 10.1021/jf053062n
  57. T. Elder, N. Labbé, D. Harper, and T. Rials. Time domain-nuclear magnetic resonance study of chars from southern hardwoods. Biomass and Bioenergy, 30(10):855–862, 2006. DOI:10.1016/j.biombioe.2006.04.005
  58. D. Harper and M. Wolcott. Interaction between coupling agent and lubricants in wood-polypropylene composites. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 35(3):385–394, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2003.09.018
  59. D.P. Harper, M.P. Wolcott, and T.G. Rials. Evaluating cure of a pmdi-wood bondline using spectroscopic, calorimetric and mechanical methods. Journal of Adhesion, 76(1):55–74, 2001. DOI:10.1016/S0143-7496(00)00045-2
  60. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c06392